SIMPLE IRA Plan Termination and Two-Year Rollover Rule

“One of my clients terminated his SIMPLE IRA plan at the end of 2023 and established a 401(k) plan beginning 2024. He’s worried about the two-year waiting period for distributing assets held in the now terminated SIMPLE IRA plan. Is there any leeway with the waiting period for a terminated SIMPLE IRA plan?”

ERISA consultants at the Retirement Learning Center (RLC) Resource Desk regularly receive calls from financial advisors on a broad array of technical topics related to IRAs, qualified retirement plans and other types of retirement savings and income plans, including nonqualified plans, stock options, and Social Security and Medicare. We bring Case of the Week to you to highlight the most relevant topics affecting your business. A recent call with a financial advisor in Ohio is representative of a common inquiry involving a savings incentive match plan for employees SIMPLE IRA plan.

Highlights of Discussion Yes, there is, and we just received more clarification on this issue in IRS Notice 2024-02. You are aware that a distribution from a SIMPLE IRA within the first two years of an individual’s participation in the SIMPLE IRA plan, potentially, is subject to a 25 percent early distribution penalty tax unless the amount is being moved to another SIMPLE IRA plan or a penalty exception applies.

Section 332(b) of the SECURE Act 2.0 adds Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Sec. 72(t)(6)(B) to the IRC and amends IRC Sec. 408(d)(3)(G). Under the addition and amendment, if an employer terminates a SIMPLE IRA plan and establishes a 401(k) plan [or 403(b)] plan that limits distributions (as described next), then the two-year waiting period on rollovers from the terminated SIMPLE IRA to the 401(k) [or 403(b)] does not apply, provided the rollover contribution is subject to the receiving plan’s distribution restrictions (Q&A G4 of Notice 2024-02).

In the case of a 401(k) plan, distributions must be limited to those triggers listed in IRC Sec. 401(k)(2)(B): • Severance from employment, • Death, • Disability, • Plan termination, • Attainment of age 59½, • Hardship, • As a qualified reservist distribution, • For certain lifetime income investments and • As qualified long-term care distributions.

Further, amounts may not be distributable by reason of the completion of a stated period of participation or the lapse of a fixed number of years (e.g., no in-service distributions prior to age 59 ½). Be sure to check the 401(k) plan document for its treatment of rollover contributions. Some plans allow distributions of rollover amounts at any time.

For 403(b) plans, rollover contributions from the terminated SIMPLE IRA plan must be limited to those triggers listed in IRC Sec. 403(b)(11), which are similar to those listed above.

Conclusion Under SECURE Act 2.0, with clarification by Notice 2024-02, if an employer terminates a SIMPLE IRA plan and establishes a 401(k) plan [or 403(b)] plan that limits distributions as prescribed, then the two-year waiting period on rollovers from the terminated SIMPLE IRA to the 401(k) [or 403(b)] does not apply, provided the rollover contribution is subject to the receiving plan’s distribution restrictions. An in-service distribution provision before age 59 ½ would not align with the necessary distribution restrictions for the waiver.